exp、imp是ORACLE幸存的最古老的两个操作系统命令行工具，导入(IMP)/导出(EXP)，昨天在Oracle用exp、imp导入导出报EXP-0006:出现内部不一致的错误。

以前用exp、imp导库命令成功的实现了Oracle数据库的导出、导入，对此，昨天再对服务器新安装的Oracle数据库用exp、imp导库，一直报“EXP-0006：出现内部不一致的错误”，于是在网上百度，尝试其他导库方式，发现采用expdp、impdp数据泵同样可以完成数据库的导出、导入，而且数据泵与传统导出导入有如下区别：

1.EXP和IMP是客户段工具程序， EXPDP和IMPDP是服务端的工具程序;

2.EXP和IMP效率比较低. EXPDP和IMPDP效率高;

3.数据泵功能强大并行、过滤、转换、压缩、加密、交互等等;

4.数据泵不支持9i以前版本， EXP/IMP短期内还是比较适用;

5.同exp/imp数据泵导出包括导出表,导出方案,导出表空间,导出数据库4种方式。

有了理论支持，下面开始实战。

expdp导出Oracle数据库

1.在sqlplus下创建Directory， 优点在于让我们可以在Oracle数据库中灵活的对文件进行读写操作，极大的提高了Oracle的易用性和可扩展性。

命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';

2.把读写权限授予特定用户

命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;

3.在dos窗口执行expdp导出命令

命令：expdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile =20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.logFULL=y;

到此导出工作完成，下面讲解如何用impdp导入Oracle数据库。

impdp导入Oracle数据库

1.以sysdba级别登录Oracle数据库

命令：--sqlplus /nolog

--conn as sysdba

2.创建数据表空间

命令：

--创建数据表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_DATA

LOGGING

DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_DATA.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND

ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM

SIZE 1024K;

--创建索引表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE RADPCS_INDX

LOGGING

DATAFILE 'D:\OracleDB\radpcs_INDX.DBF' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND

ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 16383M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM

SIZE 1024K;

这步很关键，创建的表空间需要和原Oracle表空间名称、个数相同，否则会导入失败。如果不知道原表空间名称、个数，就先创建一个临时的表空间进行导入，导入过程中根据错误提示，比如“RADPCS1_DATA表空间不存在”提示，缺哪个创建哪个。

3.创建用户、对用户授权

--创建用户

create user radpcs identified by ictradpcs

default tablespace radpcs_data

quota unlimited on radpcs_data

quota unlimited on radpcs_indx;

--授权

grant aq_administrator_role to radpcs;

grant aq_user_role to radpcs;

grant authenticateduser to radpcs;

grant connect to radpcs;

grant ctxapp to radpcs;

grant dba to radpcs;

grant delete_catalog_role to radpcs;

grant ejbclient to radpcs;

grant execute_catalog_role to radpcs;

grant exp_full_database to radpcs;

grant gather_system_statistics to radpcs;

grant hs_admin_role to radpcs;

grant imp_full_database to radpcs;

grant javadebugpriv to radpcs;

grant javaidpriv to radpcs;

grant javasyspriv to radpcs;

grant javauserpriv to radpcs;

grant java_admin to radpcs;

grant java_deploy to radpcs;

grant logstdby_administrator to radpcs;

grant oem_monitor to radpcs;

grant olap_dba to radpcs;

grant recovery_catalog_owner to radpcs;

grant resource to radpcs;

grant select_catalog_role to radpcs;

grant xdbadmin to radpcs;

-- Grant/Revoke system privileges

grant administer database trigger to radpcs;

grant alter any cluster to radpcs;

grant alter any dimension to radpcs;

grant alter any index to radpcs;

grant alter any indextype to radpcs;

grant alter any library to radpcs;

grant alter any outline to radpcs;

grant alter any procedure to radpcs;

grant alter any role to radpcs;

grant alter any sequence to radpcs;

grant alter any snapshot to radpcs;

grant alter any table to radpcs;

grant alter any trigger to radpcs;

grant alter any type to radpcs;

grant alter database to radpcs;

grant alter profile to radpcs;

grant alter resource cost to radpcs;

grant alter rollback segment to radpcs;

grant alter session to radpcs;

grant alter system to radpcs;

grant alter tablespace to radpcs;

grant alter user to radpcs;

grant analyze any to radpcs;

grant audit any to radpcs;

grant audit system to radpcs;

grant backup any table to radpcs;

grant become user to radpcs;

grant comment any table to radpcs;

grant create any cluster to radpcs;

grant create any context to radpcs;

grant create any dimension to radpcs;

grant create any directory to radpcs;

grant create any index to radpcs;

grant create any indextype to radpcs;

grant create any library to radpcs;

grant create any operator to radpcs;

grant create any outline to radpcs;

grant create any procedure to radpcs;

grant create any sequence to radpcs;

grant create any snapshot to radpcs;

grant create any synonym to radpcs;

grant create any table to radpcs;

grant create any trigger to radpcs;

grant create any type to radpcs;

grant create any view to radpcs;

grant create cluster to radpcs;

grant create database link to radpcs;

grant create dimension to radpcs;

grant create indextype to radpcs;

grant create library to radpcs;

grant create operator to radpcs;

grant create procedure to radpcs;

grant create profile to radpcs;

grant create public database link to radpcs;

grant create public synonym to radpcs;

grant create role to radpcs;

grant create rollback segment to radpcs;

grant create sequence to radpcs;

grant create session to radpcs;

grant create snapshot to radpcs;

grant create synonym to radpcs;

grant create table to radpcs;

grant create tablespace to radpcs;

grant create trigger to radpcs;

grant create type to radpcs;

grant create user to radpcs;

grant create view to radpcs;

grant debug any procedure to radpcs;

grant debug connect session to radpcs;

grant delete any table to radpcs;

grant drop any cluster to radpcs;

grant drop any context to radpcs;

grant drop any dimension to radpcs;

grant drop any directory to radpcs;

grant drop any index to radpcs;

grant drop any indextype to radpcs;

grant drop any library to radpcs;

grant drop any operator to radpcs;

grant drop any outline to radpcs;

grant drop any procedure to radpcs;

grant drop any role to radpcs;

grant drop any sequence to radpcs;

grant drop any snapshot to radpcs;

grant drop any synonym to radpcs;

grant drop any table to radpcs;

grant drop any trigger to radpcs;

grant drop any type to radpcs;

grant drop any view to radpcs;

grant drop profile to radpcs;

grant drop public database link to radpcs;

grant drop public synonym to radpcs;

grant drop rollback segment to radpcs;

grant drop tablespace to radpcs;

grant drop user to radpcs;

grant execute any indextype to radpcs;

grant execute any library to radpcs;

grant execute any operator to radpcs;

grant execute any procedure to radpcs;

grant execute any type to radpcs;

grant flashback any table to radpcs;

grant force any transaction to radpcs;

grant force transaction to radpcs;

grant global query rewrite to radpcs;

grant grant any object privilege to radpcs;

grant grant any privilege to radpcs;

grant grant any role to radpcs;

grant insert any table to radpcs;

grant lock any table to radpcs;

grant manage tablespace to radpcs;

grant on commit refresh to radpcs;

grant query rewrite to radpcs;

grant restricted session to radpcs;

grant resumable to radpcs;

grant select any sequence to radpcs;

grant select any table to radpcs;

grant under any table to radpcs;

grant under any type to radpcs;

grant under any view to radpcs;

grant unlimited tablespace to radpcs;

grant update any table to radpcs;

grant select on dba_free_space to radpcs;

grant select on dba_data_files to radpcs;

4.在sqlplus下创建Directory

命令：createdirectory oracleDB as 'D:\OracleDB';

5.把读写权限授予特定用户

命令：Grantread,write on directory oracleDB to radpcs;

6.在dos窗口执行impdp导入命令

命令：impdp directory=oracleDB dumpfile=20150226.dmp logfile=20150226.log;

漫长的等待后，dos窗口会提示导出完成。如果导入过程出错，会提示错误信息(只要数据完整，一些错误可以忽略)。

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