名单
多线程在各种编程语言中都是难点,很多语言中实现起来很麻烦,objective-c虽然源于c,但其多线程编程却相当简单,可以与java相媲美。这篇文章主要从线程创建与启动、线程的同步与锁、线程的交互、线程池等等四个方面简单的讲解一下iphone中的多线程编程。
一、线程创建与启动
线程创建主要有二种方式:
- (id)init; // designated initializer
- (id)initwithtarget:(id)target selector:(sel)selector object:(id)argument;当然,还有一种比较特殊,就是使用所谓的convenient method,这个方法可以直接生成一个线程并启动它,而且无需为线程的清理负责。这个方法的接口是:
+ (void)detachnewthreadselector:(sel)aselector totarget:(id)atarget withobject:(id)anargument前两种方法创建后,需要手机启动,启动的方法是:
- (void)start;
二、线程的同步与锁
要说明线程的同步与锁,最好的例子可能就是多个窗口同时售票的售票系统了。我们知道在java中,使用synchronized来同步,而iphone虽然没有提供类似java下的synchronized关键字,但提供了nscondition对象接口。查看nscondition的接口说明可以看出,nscondition是iphone下的锁对象,所以我们可以使用nscondition实现iphone中的线程安全。这是来源于网上的一个例子:
sellticketsappdelegate.h 文件
// sellticketsappdelegate.h
import
@interface sellticketsappdelegate : nsobject {
int tickets;
int count;
nsthread* ticketsthreadone;
nsthread* ticketsthreadtwo;
nscondition* ticketscondition;
uiwindow *window;
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) iboutlet uiwindow *window;
@end
sellticketsappdelegate.m 文件
// sellticketsappdelegate.m
import sellticketsappdelegate.h
@implementation sellticketsappdelegate
@synthesize window;
- (void)applicationdidfinishlaunching:(uiapplication *)application {
tickets = 100;
count = 0;
// 锁对象
ticketcondition = [[nscondition alloc] init];
ticketsthreadone = [[nsthread alloc] initwithtarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[ticketsthreadone setname:@thread-1];
[ticketsthreadone start];
ticketsthreadtwo = [[nsthread alloc] initwithtarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[ticketsthreadtwo setname:@thread-2];
[ticketsthreadtwo start];
//[nsthread detachnewthreadselector:@selector(run) totarget:self withobject:nil];
// override point for customization after application launch
[window makekeyandvisible];
}
- (void)run{
while (true) {
// 上锁
[ticketscondition lock];
if(tickets > 0){
[nsthread sleepfortimeinterval:0.5];
count = 100 - tickets;
nslog(@当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@,tickets,count,[[nsthread currentthread] name]);
tickets--;
}else{
break;
}
[ticketscondition unlock];
}
}
- (void)dealloc {
[ticketsthreadone release];
[ticketsthreadtwo release];
[ticketscondition release];
[window release];
[super dealloc];
}
@end
三、线程的交互
线程在运行过程中,可能需要与其它线程进行通信,如在主线程中修改界面等等,可以使用如下接口:
- (void)performselectoronmainthread:(sel)aselector withobject:(id)arg waituntildone:(bool)wait
由于在本过程中,可能需要释放一些资源,则需要使用nsautoreleasepool来进行管理,如:
- (void)startthebackgroundjob {
nsautoreleasepool *pool = [[nsautoreleasepool alloc] init];
// to do something in your thread job
...
[self performselectoronmainthread:@selector(makemyprogressbarmoving) withobject:nil waituntildone:no];
[pool release];
}
如果你什么都不考虑,在线程函数内调用 autorelease 、那么会出现下面的错误:
nsautoreleasenopool(): object 0x********* of class nsconretedata autoreleased with no pool in place ….
四、关于线程池,大家可以查看nsoperation的相关资料
更多信息请查看IT技术专栏