oracle数据库中关于游标的常见用法
2014-09-17来源:易贤网

1、什么是游标

游标是一种PL/SQL控制结构,可以对SQL语句进行显示控制,便于对表的数据逐条进行处理

2、游标分类

显示游标: Declared and named by the programmer

隐式游标: Declared for all DML and PL/SQL SELECT statements

3、游标的属性:

%FOUND:Evaluates to TRUE if the most recent SQL statement affects one or more rows

%NOTFOUND:和%FOUND相反

%ISOPEN:是一个布尔值,如果游标打开,则为TRUE, 如果游标关闭,则为FALSE.对于隐式游标而言SQL%ISOPEN总是FALSE,这是因为隐式游标在DML语句执行时打开,结束时就立即关闭。

%ROWCOUNT:Number of records affected by the most recent SQL statement

注意:dbms_output.put_line();这个是不能打印boolean型的,解决方法

if b then

dbms_output.put_line('b=true');

end if;

或者:

declare

b boolean;

begin

b := true;

dbms_output.put_line((case when b then 'true' else 'false' end));

end;

对于null,课先使用NVL()或者decode()处理

显示游标:需要手动open和close

例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT * FROM dept;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

WHILE mycursor%FOUND LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(myrecord.deptno||' '||myrecord.dname||' '||myrecord.loc);

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

注意:在进行while循环前,必须先有一个FETCH..INTO操作,否者%FOUND总是返 回false

带参数的游标:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

myrecord dept%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO myrecord;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||myrecord.deptno||' deptName='||myrecord.dname);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

FOR循环操作游标

使用FOR循环读取游标时,不需要显示申明变量用于接收结果,也不需要手动打开和关闭游标,例如:

DECLARE

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT * FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

FOR cur IN mycursor(10) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptNum='||cur.deptno||' deptName='||cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

注意:PL/SQL中参数只需要给出类型,不需要给出长度或精度。

当直接将游标的值读取到变量时,变量的个数应与游标指向的结果集的列数相同。例如结果集中有两个列,那么使用FETCH....INTO 时对应的变量个数也应该有两个。

DECLARE

d_no number;

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor(num varchar2) IS

SELECT deptno,dname FROM DEPT WHERE deptno=num;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor(10);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(d_no||' '||d_name);

FETCH mycursor INTO d_no,d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

/

%ROWCOUNT初始值为null,每当使用FETCH...INTO从游标中取出一条数据后, ROWCOUNT的值加1,并不是标识结果集的行数。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name varchar2(10);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM DEPT;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(mycursor%ROWCOUNT);

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

结果集中有4行记录,输出结果为:1 2 3 4

可更新数据的游标

要想在使用游标的同时修改数据,需要在申明游标时加上FOR UPDATE关键字。

例如:

DECLARE

d_name VARCHAR2(20);

CURSOR mycursor IS

SELECT dname FROM dept FOR UPDATE;

BEGIN

OPEN mycursor;

LOOP

FETCH mycursor INTO d_name;

EXIT WHEN mycursor%NOTFOUND;

UPDATE dept SET dname=RTRIM(dname,'_t') WHERE CURRENT OF mycursor;

END LOOP;

CLOSE mycursor;

END;

CURRENT OF+游标名:获取游标当前所指向的行

RTRIM(dname,'_t'):LTRIM、RTRIM实现字符串过滤(不仅仅去除空格)

隐式游标:不使用DECLARE显示申明的游标。

例如:

BEGIN

FOR cur IN(SELECT dname FROM dept) LOOP

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(cur.dname);

END LOOP;

END;

1、含有参数的游标

declare

cursor cur_my (mv number) is select * from Person where no<mv;

begin

for tem in cur_my(4) loop

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||tem.name);

end loop;

end;

2、设置引用游标

declare

temp_row Person%rowtype;

type my_type is ref cursor;

cur_my my_type;

begin

open cur_my for 'select * from Person ';

loop

fetch cur_my into temp_row;

exit when cur_my%notfound;

DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('name:'||temp_row.name);

end loop;

close cur_my;

end;

3、for loop循环游标

DECLARE

v_id Integer;

v_name varchar2(50);

v_age Integer;

cursor cur_mycursor is select id,name,age from Users;

BEGIN

for temp in cur_mycursor loop

v_id :=temp.id;

v_name :=temp.name;

v_age :=temp.age;

dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);

end loop;

/**dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursor%rowcount||'条!');*/

END;

4、标准化loop循环游标

DECLARE

v_id Integer;

v_name varchar2(50);

v_age Integer;

cursor cur_mycursors is select id,name,age from Users;

BEGIN

OPEN cur_mycursors;

dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');

LOOP

FETCH cur_mycursors INTO v_id,v_name,v_age;

dbms_output.put_line('id:'||v_id||'name:'||v_name||'age:'||v_age);

IF cur_mycursors%NOTFOUND THEN

EXIT;

END IF;

END LOOP;

dbms_output.put_line('所有记录数:'||cur_mycursors%rowcount||'条!');

CLOSE cur_mycursors;

END;

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